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禅 Zen is one of the denominations of Buddhism, which is originated in India and was introduced into Japan throug China in the 13th century.
Zen focuses on the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment and inner peace through meditation and self-discipline. (心の平安)
It emphasizes the principle of wabi, or quite simplicity, and sabi, or austere and subdued elegance. (elegant simplicity)
Zen Buddhism is divided into major sects: the Soto school founded by Dogen and the Rinzai school founded by Eisai. The former emphasizes Shikantaza, meditation with no objects or content, while the latter focuses on and meditationkoan, Zen conundrums to attain enlightenment.
Zen has a profound influence on the aesthetic values of Japanese traditional arts including the tea cremony, flower arrangement, and Japanese caligraphy.
わび the priciple of quiet simplicity, subtle taste
さび the priciple of austere and subdued elegance, elegant simplicity
臨済宗 栄西(1141~1215) 座禅 『喫茶養生記』 建仁寺
曹洞宗 道元(1200~1253) 只管打坐 『正法眼蔵』 永平寺
discipline 不可算名詞 鍛錬、規律、懲罰 可算名詞 鍛錬の方法
※doct(教える) purposes of spiritual discipline 精神修養の目的
self-discipline 自己鍛錬
impose[discipline] discipline 規律を課す(保つ)
disciple 名詞(≒)apprentice, trainee
docile 形容詞(≒) tame(⇔wild) obidient meek submissive tractable
servile cf: [the Servile State] 奴隷の国家
austere 形容詞 禁欲的な、厳粛な (≒) strict severe harsh stringent rigorous
austere life 地味な生活 an austere look 厳しい顔つき
conundrum 名詞 なぞなぞ、とんち問答 (≒) riddle